IRIX Base Documentation 2002 November

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AS(1) Last changed: 1-28-99 NNAAMMEE aass - SGI MIPSpro assembler SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS aass [--6644] [--ccpppp] [--DD_n_a_m_e==[[_d_e_f]]] [--EE] [--GG_n_u_m] [--gg[[_s_e_t_t_i_n_g]]]] [--hheellpp] [--II] [--kkeeeepp] [--nn3322] [--nnooccpppp] [--nnoonn__sshhaarreedd] [--oo3322] [--OO_l_e_v_e_l] [--oo _o_u_t_p_u_t] [--PP] [--sshhooww] [--UU_n_a_m_e] [--wwooffff aallll] _f_i_l_e ... IIMMPPLLEEMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN IRIX systems DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN The MIPSpro assembler, aass, compiles a symbolic assembly language source program and produces an object file in eellff format. The assembler supports three different Application Binary Interfaces controlled by the following options: --oo3322, --nn3322, and --6644 (see the aabbii(5) man page). The assembler never runs the loader. aass defines the following preprocessor symbols: __LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE__AASSSSEEMMBBLLYY ____ssggii, ____mmiippss, ____hhoosstt__mmiippss ____uunniixx, __MMIIPPSSEEBB, __SSYYSSTTYYPPEE__SSVVRR44 __SSVVRR44__SSOOUURRCCEE __SSGGII__SSOOUURRCCEE, __MMIIPPSS__IISSAA __MMIIPPSS__SSIIMM __MMIIPPSS__FFPPSSEETT, __MMIIPPSS__SSZZIINNTT __MMIIPPSS__SSZZLLOONNGG __MMIIPPSS__SSZZPPTTRR These are displayed by specifying the --sshhooww option on the compiler command line. See the lldd(1) man page for load-time options. IISSAA//AABBII CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS The following options control the choice of ABI and Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). --oo3322 or --3322 Generate a 32-bit object. This defaults to --mmiippss22 if --mmiippss11 is not specified. This is the default when compiling on any non-R8000 based system, if no default specification file is present. See the oo3322(5) man page for details. --6644 Generate a 64-bit object. This defaults to --mmiippss44 if --mmiippss33 is not specified. This is the default when compiling on any R8000 based system, if no default specification file is present. See the Defaults Specification Files subsection at the end of this man page for details. --nn3322 Generate an nn3322 object. This defaults to --mmiippss33 if --mmiippss44 is not specified. --mmiippss_n Determine architecture type. _n can be one of the following values: 11 Generate code using the instruction set of the R2000/R3000 RISC architecture, and search for mmiippss11 libraries/objects at link time. This defaults to --oo3322.. 22 Generate code using the MIPS II instruction set (MIPS I + R4000 specific extensions), and search for mmiippss22 libraries/objects at link time. This defaults to --oo3322.. 33 Generate code using the full MIPS III (e.g. R4000) instruction set, and search for mmiippss33 libraries/objects at link time. This defaults to --nn3322 if --6644 has not been specified. On R8000- based systems this defaults to --6644. 44 Generate code using the full MIPS IV instruction set which is supported on R10000, R5000 and R8000 systems. Also search for mmiippss44 libraries/objects at link time. This is the default on R8000 systems. This defaults to --nn3322 if --6644 is not specified. On R8000-based systems it defaults to --6644. OOPPTTIIOONN DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS The following options are valid with this command: --ccpppp Run the C macro preprocessor on assembly source files before compiling. This is the default. --DD_n_a_m_e==[[_d_e_f]] or --DD_n_a_m_e Define the _n_a_m_e to the C macro preprocessor, as if by ##ddeeffiinnee. If no definition is given, the name is defined as 11. --EE Run only the C macro preprocessor on the specified assembly source files, and send the result to standard output. --GG_n_u_m Specify the maximum size, in bytes, of a data item that is to be accessed from the global pointer. _n_u_m must be a decimal number. If _n_u_m is zero, no data is accessed from the global pointer. For --6644 and --nn3322, the default value for _n_u_m is 8 bytes. For --oo3322 the default value for _n_u_m is 0. --gg[[_s_e_t_t_i_n_g]] Produce symbol table information. If _s_e_t_t_i_n_g is 0, the assembler does not produce symbol table information for symbolic debugging. If no value is given for _s_e_t_t_i_n_g, the assembler produces additional symbol table information for full symbolic debugging. This is the default. --hheellpp List all the available options. This does not run the assembler. nn3322 or 6644 only. --II[[_d_i_r]] Determine searching options for iinncclluuddee files. Using --II without an argument disables searching for ##iinncclluuddee files in the standard directory ( //uussrr//iinncclluuddee ). Using --II _d_i_r allows you to specify a directory for searching. ##iinncclluuddee files whose names do not begin with // are always sought first in the directory of the _f_i_l_e argument, then in directories specified in --II options, and finally in the standard directory (//uussrr//iinncclluuddee). --kkeeeepp Build intermediate compilation files named after the corresponding source files, with the suffix replaced by one that is appropriate for the type of intermediate file (for example, ..ii indicates preprocessed source). These intermediate files are never removed. --nnooccpppp Do not run the C macro preprocessor on assembly source before compiling. --nnoonn__sshhaarreedd Do not generate position-independent code (PIC). --OO_l_e_v_e_l Sets the optimization level. _l_e_v_e_l can be one of the following values: 00 Turn off all optimizations. This is the default for --6644 and --nn3322. 11 Turn on all optimizations that can be done easily. This is the default for --oo3322.. 22 Turn on all optimizations. For --6644 or --nn3322, this means scheduling the code; for --oo3322, this means more aggressive optimizations. Specifying --OO with no options is equivalent to specifying --OO22. --oo _o_u_t_p_u_t Name the final output file _o_u_t_p_u_t. If this option is not specified, the output file is the input file name with a ..oo suffix rather than the ..ss suffix. --PP Run only the C macro preprocessor and put the result for each ..ss file in a corresponding ..ii file. The ..ii file has no ## lines in it. --sshhooww Print the passes as they execute with their arguments and their input and output files. --UU_n_a_m_e Remove any initial definition of _n_a_m_e. --wwooffff aallll Suppress all warning messages. nn3322 or 6644 only. CCOOMMPPIILLEERR DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT OOPPTTIIOONNSS The following options aid compiler development and are not generally used: --ffuullllaassoopptt oo3322 only. Enable all the global optimizations done by the assembler. The assembler can perform several global optimizations that are enabled automatically for high level languages like C, Pascal and Fortran. These optimizations are turned off by default while compiling an assembly language source file. This is done because the optimizations rely on the procedure calling convention to be strictly followed. Several assembly language programs violate these restrictions. The --ffuullllaassoopptt option allows enabling of these optimizations for ..ss files. --HH_c oo3322 only. Halt compiling after the pass specified by the character _c, producing an intermediate file for the next pass. _c can have the value [[ aa ]].. It selects the assembler pass in the same way as the --tt option. If this option is used, the symbol table file produced and used by the passes is the last component of the source file with the suffix changed to ..TT and is not removed. This switch is non-standard and may not be supported across product lines. --KKPPIICC Activates the assembler directives for generating position-independent code (PIC). For programs assembled with the --nn3322 and --6644 options, see _T_h_e _M_I_P_S_p_r_o _6_4-_B_i_t _P_o_r_t_i_n_g _a_n_d _T_r_a_n_s_i_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e for more information. For codes compiled with the --oo3322 option, see the _M_I_P_S_p_r_o _A_s_s_e_m_b_l_y _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_e_r'_s _G_u_i_d_e. --WW_c,,_a_r_g_1[[,,_a_r_g_2......]] nn3322 or 6644 only. Pass the _a_r_g_1 value(s) to the assembler pass designated by _c. _c can have a value of pp, aa, or bb (see the information in the --tt option in "Naming Options", below). Several options affect the various optimizations done by the assembler. Some of these assembler optimizations are new and may have problems during compilation: --WWbb,,--nnooxxbbbb Turn off cross basic block instruction scheduling. --WWbb,,--nnooppeeeepp Turn off peephole optimizations. --WWbb,,--nnoosswwppiippee Turn off software pipelining. --WWbb,,--nnoossyymmrreeggss Turn off symbolic register renaming. These global optimizations are enabled only when optimization level --OO22 or higher is selected for high level languages or the --ffuullllaassoopptt option is used for assembly language files. If the TTMMPPDDIIRR environment variable is set, the value is used as the directory to place any temporary files rather than the default directory, //ttmmpp. --YYaa,,_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y nn3322 or 6644 only. Use the aassmm pass from the given _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. NNaammiinngg OOppttiioonnss The --tt[[_c_h_a_r]], --hh_p_a_t_h, and --BB_s_t_r_i_n_g options select a name to use for a particular pass. These arguments are processed from left to right so their order is significant. When the --BB option is encountered, the selection of names takes place using the last --hh and --tt options. These three options must be used together. --tt[[_c_h_a_r]] Select the names. The names selected are those designated by a combination of _c_h_a_rs. _c_h_a_r can be any of the following: NNaammee _c_h_a_r vvaalluueess iinncclluuddee hh ccpppp pp aass00 aa aass11 bb If hh is in the --tt argument, a directory is added to the list of directories to be used in searching for ##iinncclluuddee files. This directory name has the form //uussrr//iinncclluuddee//_s_t_r_i_n_g. This directory contains the include files for the _s_t_r_i_n_g release of the compiler. The standard directory is still searched. --hh_p_a_t_h Use _p_a_t_h rather than the directory where the name is normally found. This switch is non-standard and may not be supported across product lines. --BB_s_t_r_i_n_g Append _s_t_r_i_n_g to all names specified by the --tt option. If no --tt option has been processed before the --BB,, the --tt option is assumed to be hhppaabb. This list designates all names. NNOOTTEESS The SSGGII__AABBII environment variable can change the default ABI behavior to be --oo3322, --nn3322, or --6644; see ggeettaabbii(3c) for details. Also, the //eettcc//ccoommppiilleerr..ddeeffaauullttss file can be used to change default behavior. See the cccc(1) man page for more information. The CCOOMMPP__TTAARRGGEETT__RROOOOTT, TTOOOOLLRROOOOTT, RRLLSS__IIDD__OOBBJJEECCTT environment variables are used by aass while compiling the compiler itself. Their meaning is left undefined intentionally. They should not be set in your environment. FFIILLEESS * All ABIs: ffiillee..oo object file output //uussrr//iinncclluuddee standard ##iinncclluuddee file directory * The following files are for --oo3322 only: //ttmmpp//ccttmm** temporary files //uussrr//lliibb//ccpppp C macro preprocessor //uussrr//lliibb//aass00 symbolic assembly language translator //uussrr//lliibb//aass11 binary assembler and reorganizer * The following files are for --nn3322 and --6644 only: //ttmmpp//ccmmppllrr** temporary files //uussrr//lliibb3322//ccmmppllrrss//ccpppp C macro preprocessor //uussrr//lliibb3322//ccmmppllrrss//aassmm symbolic assembler BBUUGGSS The assembler attempts to continue after finding semantic errors. This may result in internal errors. SSEEEE AALLSSOO cccc(1), wwhhaatt(1) ggeettaabbii(3c) _M_I_P_S_p_r_o _A_s_s_e_m_b_l_y _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_e_r'_s _G_u_i_d_e _M_I_P_S_p_r_o _N_3_2 _A_B_I _H_a_n_d_b_o_o_k _M_I_P_S_p_r_o _6_4-_b_i_t _P_o_r_t_i_n_g _a_n_d _T_r_a_n_s_i_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e This man page is available only online.